Dictionary - results for 漢

Simplified	Traditional	Pinyin	English
汉	漢	Hàn	- Han ethnic group - Chinese (language) - the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
汉	漢	hàn	- man
偷汉	偷漢	tōuhàn	- (of a woman) to take a lover
先汉	先漢	xiānHàn	- pre-Han - China before to 200 BC
两汉	兩漢	liǎngHàn	- Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) - refers to the Western Han and Eastern Han
前汉	前漢	QiánHàn	- Former Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 西漢\|西汉[Xi1 Han4], Western Han Dynasty
北汉	北漢	BěiHàn	- Han of the Five dynasties (951-979), one of ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms period (907-960)
南汉	南漢	NánHàn	- Southern Han
大汉	大漢	dàhàn	- big person - the great Han dynasty
天汉	天漢	Tiānhàn	- the Milky Way
夯汉	夯漢	hānghàn	- carrier who carries heavy loads on his shoulder (dialect)
好汉	好漢	hǎohàn	- hero - strong and courageous person - CL:條\|条[tiao2]
宣汉	宣漢	Xuānhàn	- Xuanhan county in Dazhou 達州\|达州[Da2 zhou1], Sichuan
广汉	廣漢	Guǎnghàn	- Guanghan county level city in Deyang 德陽\|德阳[De2 yang2], Sichuan
后汉	後漢	HòuHàn	- Later Han or Eastern Han dynasty (25-220) - Later Han of the Five Dynasties (947-950)
恶汉	惡漢	èhàn	- overbearing fiend
懒汉	懶漢	lǎnhàn	- idle fellow - lazybones
成汉	成漢	ChéngHàn	- Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-347)
敖汉	敖漢	Áohàn	- Aohan banner or Aokhan khoshuu in Chifeng 赤峰[Chi4 feng1], Inner Mongolia
星汉	星漢	xīnghàn	- Milky Way - our galaxy
东汉	東漢	Dōnghàn	- Eastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220
武汉	武漢	Wǔhàn	- Wuhan city on Changjiang, subprovincial city and capital of Hubei province
江汉	江漢	Jiānghàn	- Jianghan district of Wuhan city 武漢市\|武汉市[Wu3 han4 shi4], Hubei
满汉	滿漢	MǎnHàn	- Manchurian-Chinese (relations)
汉中	漢中	Hànzhōng	- Hanzhong prefecture level city in Shaanxi
汉人	漢人	Hànrén	- Han Chinese person or people
汉代	漢代	Hàndài	- the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
汉化	漢化	Hànhuà	- Chinese localization - to convert sth into Chinese
汉南	漢南	Hànnán	- Hannan district of Wuhan city 武漢市\|武汉市[Wu3 han4 shi4], Hubei
汉口	漢口	Hànkǒu	- Hankou, part of Wuhan 武漢\|武汉 at the junction of Han river and Changjiang in Hubei
汉城	漢城	Hànchéng	- Hanseong, old name of Seoul as traditional capital of Korea and capital of South Korea - adopted new Chinese spelling 首爾\|首尔[Shou3 er3] in 2005
汉堡	漢堡	Hànbǎo	- Hamburg (German city)
汉堡	漢堡	hànbǎo	- hamburger (loanword)
汉寿	漢壽	Hànshòu	- Hanshou county in Changde 常德[Chang2 de2], Hunan
汉奸	漢奸	Hànjiān	- traitor (to China)
汉姓	漢姓	Hànxìng	- Han surname - Chinese surname
汉子	漢子	hànzi	- man - fellow - (dialect) husband
汉字	漢字	hànzì	- Chinese character - CL:個\|个[ge4] - Japanese: kanji - Korean: hanja - Vietnamese: hán tự
汉学	漢學	Hànxué	- sinology - Chinese studies (in foreign schools) - Han Learning, a Qing dynasty movement aiming at a philological appraisal of the Classics
汉川	漢川	Hànchuān	- Hanchuan county level city in Xiaogan 孝感[Xiao4 gan3], Hubei
汉文	漢文	Hànwén	- Chinese written language - Chinese literature esp. as taught abroad
汉斯	漢斯	Hànsī	- Hans (name)
汉族	漢族	Hànzú	- Han ethnic group
汉书	漢書	Hànshū	- History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
汉服	漢服	hànfú	- traditional Han Chinese dress
汉朝	漢朝	Hàncháo	- Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
汉森	漢森	Hànsēn	- Hansen or Hanson (name)
汉水	漢水	Hànshuǐ	- Han River (Hanshui)
汉江	漢江	Hànjiāng	- Han River
汉沽	漢沽	Hàngū	- Hangu former district of Tianjin, now part of Binhai subprovincial district 濱海新區\|滨海新区[Bin1 hai3 xin1 qu1]
汉源	漢源	Hànyuán	- Hanyuan county in Ya'an 雅安[Ya3 an1], Sichuan
汉滨	漢濱	Hànbīn	- Hanbin District of Ankang City 安康市[An1 kang1 Shi4], Shaanxi
汉简	漢簡	Hànjiǎn	- bamboo slip used for record keeping during the Han Dynasty
汉腔	漢腔	Hànqiāng	- Wuhan accent
汉台	漢臺	Hàntái	- Hantai District of Hanzhong City 漢中市\|汉中市[Han4 zhong1 Shi4], Shaanxi
汉英	漢英	HànYīng	- Chinese-English
汉语	漢語	Hànyǔ	- Chinese language - CL:門\|门[men2]
汉办	漢辦	Hànbàn	- abbr. for 國家漢辦\|国家汉办[Guo2 jia1 Han4 ban4], Office of Chinese Language Council International
汉阴	漢陰	Hànyīn	- Hanyin County in Ankang 安康[An1 kang1], Shaanxi
汉阳	漢陽	Hànyáng	- Hanyang county in Hubei province - historical name Hanyang for Seoul, Korea
田汉	田漢	TiánHàn	- Tian Han (1898-1968), author of the words of the PRC national anthem March of the Volunteer Army 義勇軍進行曲\|义勇军进行曲
硬汉	硬漢	yìnghàn	- man of steel - unyielding, tough guy
神汉	神漢	shénhàn	- sorcerer
秦汉	秦漢	QínHàn	- the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties
罗汉	羅漢	luóhàn	- abbr. for 阿羅漢\|阿罗汉[a1 luo2 han4]
老汉	老漢	lǎohàn	- old man - I (an old man referring to himself)
英汉	英漢	YīngHàn	- English-Chinese
莽汉	莽漢	mǎnghàn	- a fool - a muddle-head - a boor
蜀汉	蜀漢	ShǔHàn	- Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han
蠢汉	蠢漢	chǔnhàn	- fool - ignoramus - dullard
西汉	西漢	XīHàn	- Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前漢\|前汉[Qian2 Han4], Former Han Dynasty
醉汉	醉漢	zuìhàn	- intoxicated man - drunkard
银汉	銀漢	Yínhàn	- Milky Way - also called 銀河\|银河[Yin2 he2]
霄汉	霄漢	xiāohàn	- the sky - heavens above - by extension, refers to the Imperial Court
养汉	養漢	yǎnghàn	- to commit adultery (of married woman)
偷汉子	偷漢子	tōuhànzi	- (of a woman) to take a lover
前汉书	前漢書	QiánHànshū	- History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
单身汉	單身漢	dānshēnhàn	- bachelor - unmarried man
女汉子	女漢子	nǚhànzi	- masculine woman
宣汉县	宣漢縣	Xuānhànxiàn	- Xuanhan county in Dazhou 達州\|达州[Da2 zhou1], Sichuan
广汉市	廣漢市	Guǎnghànshì	- Guanghan county level city in Deyang 德陽\|德阳[De2 yang2], Sichuan
后汉书	後漢書	HòuHànshū	- History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Fan Ye 範曄\|范晔[Fan4 Ye4] in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4], 120 scrolls
敖汉旗	敖漢旗	Áohànqí	- Aohan banner or Aokhan khoshuu in Chifeng 赤峰[Chi4 feng1], Inner Mongolia
东汉末	東漢末	DōngHànmò	- the last years of Eastern Han - the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD
武汉市	武漢市	Wǔhànshì	- Wuhan city on Changjiang, subprovincial city and capital of Hubei province
江汉区	江漢區	Jiānghànqū	- Jianghan district of Wuhan city 武漢市\|武汉市[Wu3 han4 shi4], Hubei
流浪汉	流浪漢	liúlànghàn	- tramp - wanderer
汉中市	漢中市	HànzhōngShì	- Hanzhong prefecture level city in Shaanxi
汉元帝	漢元帝	HànYuándì	- Yuan Emperor, reign name of Han Dynasty emperor Liu Shi 劉奭\|刘奭[Liu2 Shi4], (74-33 BC), reigned 48-33 BC
汉南区	漢南區	Hànnánqū	- Hannan district of Wuhan city 武漢市\|武汉市[Wu3 han4 shi4], Hubei
汉四郡	漢四郡	Hànsìjùn	- four Han commanderies in north Korea 108 BC-c. 300 AD
汉堡包	漢堡包	hànbǎobāo	- hamburger (loanword)
汉堡王	漢堡王	Hànbǎowáng	- Burger King (fast food restaurant)
汉寿县	漢壽縣	Hànshòuxiàn	- Hanshou county in Changde 常德[Chang2 de2], Hunan
汉学系	漢學係	Hànxuéxì	- institute of Sinology - faculty of Sinology
汉学家	漢學家	hànxuéjiā	- sinologist - scholar of Chinese
汉宣帝	漢宣帝	HànXuāndì	- Emperor Xuan (91-48 BC) of the Former Han Dynasty, reigned 74-48 BC
汉尼拔	漢尼拔	Hànníbá	- Hannibal (name) - Hannibal Barca (247-183 BC), Carthaginian general
汉川市	漢川市	Hànchuānshì	- Hanchuan county level city in Xiaogan 孝感[Xiao4 gan3], Hubei
汉拿山	漢拿山	HànnáShān	- Hallasan Mountain or Mount Halla, highest mountain in South Korea
汉文帝	漢文帝	HànWéndì	- Emperor Wen of Han (202-157 BC), fourth Han emperor, personal name Liu Heng 劉恆\|刘恒[Liu2 Heng2], reigned 180-157 BC
汉旺镇	漢旺鎮	Hànwàngzhèn	- Hanwang town in Mianzhu county, Deying 德阳 prefecture, Sichuan
汉明帝	漢明帝	HànMíngDì	- Emperor Ming of Han (28-75), Western Han Dynasty Emperor 58-75
汉武帝	漢武帝	HànWǔdì	- Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC)
汉民族	漢民族	Hànmínzú	- Han ethnic group
汉沽区	漢沽區	Hàngūqū	- Hangu former district of Tianjin, now part of Binhai subprovincial district 濱海新區\|滨海新区[Bin1 hai3 xin1 qu1]
汉源县	漢源縣	Hànyuánxiàn	- Hanyuan county in Ya'an 雅安[Ya3 an1], Sichuan
汉滨区	漢濱區	HànbīnQū	- Hanbin District of Ankang City 安康市[An1 kang1 Shi4], Shaanxi
汉献帝	漢獻帝	HànXiàndì	- Emperor Xian of Han (181-234), the final Han emperor, set up by Dong Zhuo 董卓, reigned 189-220, forced to abdicate 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕
汉白玉	漢白玉	hànbáiyù	- white marble - a type of white marble used for building and sculpting
汉福斯	漢福斯	Hànfúsī	- Hønefoss, city (and soccer team) in Buskerud, Norway
汉台区	漢臺區	HàntáiQū	- Hantai District of Hanzhong City 漢中市\|汉中市[Han4 zhong1 shi4], Shaanxi
汉诺威	漢諾威	Hànnuòwēi	- Hanover
汉阴县	漢陰縣	HànyīnXiàn	- Hanyin County in Ankang 安康[An1 kang1], Shaanxi
汉阳区	漢陽區	Hànyángqū	- Hanyang district of Wuhan city 武漢市\|武汉市[Wu3 han4 shi4], Hubei
汉高祖	漢高祖	HànGāozǔ	- posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦\|刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC
男子汉	男子漢	nánzǐhàn	- man (i.e. manly, masculine)
统汉字	統漢字	tǒngHànzì	- Unihan - China Japan Korea (CJK) unified ideographs - abbr. for 中日韓統一表意文字\|中日韩统一表意文字[Zhong1 Ri4 Han2 tong3 yi1 biao3 yi4 wen2 zi4]
罗汉拳	羅漢拳	luóhànquán	- luohan quan - arhat boxing (kungfu style)
罗汉果	羅漢果	luóhànguǒ	- sweet fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (formerly Momordica grosvenori, a gourd of the Curcubitaceae family), grown in Guangxi and used in Chinese medicine
罗汉病	羅漢病	luóhànbìng	- snail fever (bilharzia or schistosomiasis), disease caused by schistosome parasitic flatworm
罗汉肚	羅漢肚	luóhàndù	- potbelly
罗汉豆	羅漢豆	luóhàndòu	- broad bean (Vicia faba) - fava bean - same as 蠶豆\|蚕豆
罗汉鱼	羅漢魚	luóhànyú	- flowerhorn cichlid
罗宾汉	羅賓漢	Luóbīnhàn	- Robin Hood (English 12th century folk hero)
脱空汉	脫空漢	tuōkōnghàn	- liar
庄稼汉	莊稼漢	zhuāngjiahàn	- peasant - farmer
诺丁汉	諾丁漢	Nuòdīnghàn	- Nottingham (city in England)
负心汉	負心漢	fùxīnhàn	- traitor to one's love - heartless rat
野汉子	野漢子	yěhànzi	- woman's lover
门外汉	門外漢	ménwàihàn	- layman
关汉卿	關漢卿	GuānHànqīng	- Guan Hanqing (c. 1235-c. 1300), Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇\|杂剧 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家
阿罗汉	阿羅漢	āluóhàn	- arhat (Sanskrit) - a holy man who has left behind all earthly desires and concerns and attained nirvana (Buddhism)
高本汉	高本漢	GāoBěnhàn	- Bernhard Karlgren (1889-1978), distinguished Swedish linguist and sinologist
上古汉语	上古漢語	shànggǔHànyǔ	- Old Chinese (linguistics)
中古汉语	中古漢語	zhōnggǔHànyǔ	- Middle Chinese (linguistics)
杰伊汉港	傑伊漢港	Jiéyīhàngǎng	- Ceyhan (Turkish Mediterranean port)
国家汉办	國家漢辦	GuójiāHànbàn	- Office of Chinese Language Council International (known colloquially as "Hanban"), an organ of the PRC government which develops Chinese language and culture teaching resources worldwide, and has established Confucius Institutes 孔子學院\|孔子学院[Kong3 zi3 Xue2 yuan4] internationally - abbr. to 漢辦\|汉办[Han4 ban4]
彪形大汉	彪形大漢	biāoxíngdàhàn	- burly chap - husky fellow
东汉末年	東漢末年	DōngHànmònián	- the last years of Eastern Han - the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD
东现汉纪	東現漢紀	Dōngxiànhànjì	- Records of the Eastern Han, model for History of Later Han 後漢書\|后汉书
东观汉记	東觀漢記	DōngguānHànjì	- History of Later Han dynasty, internal palace record by many 1st and 2nd century authors, 143 scrolls
格拉汉姆	格拉漢姆	Gélāhànmǔ	- Graham or Graeme (name)
梵汉对音	梵漢對音	fànhànduìyīn	- Sanskrit-Chinese transliteration
楚河汉界	楚河漢界	ChǔhéHànjiè	- lit. the river that divides Chu and Han - fig. a line that divides rival territories - the mid-line between sides on a Chinese chessboard
楚汉战争	楚漢戰爭	ChǔHànZhànzhēng	- Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC), power struggle between Liu Bang 劉邦\|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] of Han and Xiang Yu 項羽\|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3] of Chu
楚汉相争	楚漢相爭	ChǔHànXiāngzhēng	- see 楚漢戰爭\|楚汉战争[Chu3 Han4 Zhan4 zheng1]
武汉地区	武漢地區	Wǔhàndìqū	- the Wuhan area
武汉大学	武漢大學	WǔhànDàxué	- Wuhan University
气冲霄汉	氣衝霄漢	qìchōngxiāohàn	- (idiom) dauntless - courageous - spirited
满汉全席	滿漢全席	MǎnHànquánxí	- the Manchu Han imperial feast, a legendary banquet in the Qing dynasty - (fig.) a sumptuous banquet
汉中地区	漢中地區	Hànzhōngdìqū	- Hanzhong prefecture, Shaanxi
汉他病毒	漢他病毒	hàntābìngdú	- Hantavirus (a family deadly rodent-borne viruses) responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or cardiopulmonary syndrome
汉坦病毒	漢坦病毒	hàntǎnbìngdú	- Hantavirus (a family deadly rodent-borne viruses) responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or cardiopulmonary syndrome
汉字字体	漢字字體	hànzìzìtǐ	- calligraphic style of Chinese characters - typeface - font
汉密尔顿	漢密爾頓	Hànmìěrdùn	- Hamilton (name) - Hamilton, capital of Bermuda
汉末魏初	漢末魏初	HànmòWèichū	- late Han and early Wei (roughly, first half of 3rd century AD)
汉英互译	漢英互譯	HànYīnghùyì	- Chinese and English two-way translation
汉萨同盟	漢薩同盟	Hànsàtóngméng	- Hanseatic League
汉藏语系	漢藏語系	HànZàngyǔxì	- Sino-Tibetan language family
汉语拼音	漢語拼音	HànyǔPīnyīn	- Hanyu Pinyin, the pinyin transliteration system used in PRC since the 1960s
白金汉宫	白金漢宮	BáijīnhànGōng	- Buckingham Palace
白金汉郡	白金漢郡	Báijīnhànjùn	- Buckinghamshire (English county)
粤汉铁路	粵漢鐵路	YuèHànTiělù	- Canton-Hankou Railway, linking Guangzhou and Wuchang, incorporated since 1957 into the Jing-Guang Railway 京廣鐵路\|京广铁路[Jing1 Guang3 Tie3 lu4]
绿林好汉	綠林好漢	lǜlínhǎohàn	- true hero of Greenwood (refers to popular hero in Robin Hood style)
英汉对译	英漢對譯	YīngHànduìyì	- English-Chinese parallel text
英雄好汉	英雄好漢	yīngxiónghǎohàn	- heroes
诺丁汉郡	諾丁漢郡	Nuòdīnghànjùn	- Nottinghamshire (English county)
贝克汉姆	貝克漢姆	Bèikèhànmǔ	- Beckenham or Beckham (name) - David Beckham (1975-), British midfield footballer
铮铮铁汉	錚錚鐵漢	zhēngzhēngtiěhàn	- a strong and determined man (idiom)
大汉族主义	大漢族主義	dàHànzúzhǔyì	- Greater Han nationalism
汉城特别市	漢城特別市	HànchéngTèbiéshì	- Hanseong Metropolitan City, old name for Seoul, capital of Korea - adopted new Chinese spelling 首爾\|首尔 in 2005
汉字查字法	漢字查字法	hànzìcházìfǎ	- look-up method for Chinese characters
汉文帝刘恒	漢文帝劉恆	HànwéndìLiúhéng	- Liu Heng (202-157 BC), the fourth Han emperor Han Wendi, reigned 180-157 BC
汉语大字典	漢語大字典	HànyǔDàZìdiǎn	- Hanyu Da Zidian, one of the most comprehensive Chinese character dictionaries with 54,678 (and later 60,370) entries, first published between 1986-1990
汉语大词典	漢語大詞典	HànyǔDàCídiǎn	- Hanyu Da Cidian, the most comprehensive Chinese dictionary with over 375,000 word entries, first published between 1986-1994
汉贼不两立	漢賊不兩立	Hànzéibùliǎnglì	- lit. Shu Han 蜀漢\|蜀汉[Shu3 Han4] and Cao Wei 曹魏[Cao2 Wei4] cannot coexist (idiom) - fig. two enemies cannot live under the same sky - (former KMT slogan against CPC) "gentlemen and thieves cannot coexist"
汉高祖刘邦	漢高祖劉邦	HànGāozǔLiúBāng	- Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), first Han emperor, reigned 207-195 BC
迷踪罗汉拳	迷蹤羅漢拳	mízōngluóhànquán	- Mizongyi, Mizong, My Jhong Law Horn - "Lost Track Fist" (Chinese Martial Art)
商务汉语考试	商務漢語考試	ShāngwùHànyǔKǎoshì	- Business Chinese Test (BCT)
梁唐晋汉周书	梁唐晉漢周書	LiángTángJìnHànZhōushū	- another name for History of the Five Dynasties between Tang and Song 舊五代史\|旧五代史
武汉钢铁公司	武漢鋼鐵公司	WǔhànGāngtiěGōngsī	- Wuhan Iron and Steel
汉语水平考试	漢語水平考試	HànyǔShuǐpíngKǎoshì	- HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)
男子汉大丈夫	男子漢大丈夫	nánzǐhàndàzhàngfu	- (coll.) he-man
不到长城非好汉	不到長城非好漢	bùdàoChángchéngfēihǎohàn	- lit. until you reach the Great Wall, you're not a proper person; fig. to get over difficulties before reaching the goal
好汉不吃眼前亏	好漢不吃眼前虧	hǎohànbùchīyǎnqiánkuī	- a wise man knows better than to fight when the odds are against him (idiom)
好汉不提当年勇	好漢不提當年勇	hǎohànbùtídāngniányǒng	- a real man doesn't boast about his past achievements (idiom)
好汉做事好汉当	好漢做事好漢當	hǎohànzuòshìhǎohàndāng	- daring to act and courageous enough to take responsibility for it (idiom) - a true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his actions - the buck stops here
身在曹营心在汉	身在曹營心在漢	shēnzàiCáoyíngxīnzàiHàn	- live in Cao camp but have the heart in Han camp (idiom.) - to be somewhere while longing to be somewhere else
饱汉不知饿汉饥	飽漢不知餓漢飢	bǎohànbùzhīèhànjī	- The well-fed cannot know how the starving suffer (idiom).
巨无霸汉堡包指数	巨無霸漢堡包指數	JùwúbàhànbǎobāoZhǐshù	- Big Mac Index, a measure of the purchasing power parity (PPP) between currencies
德国汉莎航空公司	德國漢莎航空公司	DéguóHànshāHángkōngGōngsī	- Deutsche Lufthansa AG
阿尔汉格尔斯克州	阿爾漢格爾斯克州	Āěrhàngéěrsīkèzhōu	- Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
第二次汉字简化方案	第二次漢字簡化方案	DìèrcìHànzìJiǎnhuàFāngàn	- Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (second round of simplified Chinese characters, proposed in 1977 and retracted in 1986) - abbr. to 二簡\|二简[er4 jian3]
通用汉字标准交换码	通用漢字標準交換碼	tōngyòngHànzìbiāozhǔnjiāohuànmǎ	- UCS, Chinese character coding adopted in PRC 1986 - abbr. to 通用碼\|通用码[tong1 yong4 ma3]