| Simplified | Traditional | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 苦 | 苦 | kǔ | - bitter - hardship - pain - to suffer - to bring suffering to - painstakingly |
| 何苦 | 何苦 | hékǔ | - why bother? - is it worth the trouble? |
| 八苦 | 八苦 | bākǔ | - the eight distresses - birth, age, sickness, death, parting with what we love, meeting with what we hate, unattained aims, and all the ills of the five skandhas (Buddhism) |
| 冤苦 | 冤苦 | yuānkǔ | - suffering from injustice |
| 凄苦 | 凄苦 | qīkǔ | - bleak - miserable |
| 刻苦 | 刻苦 | kèkǔ | - hardworking - assiduous |
| 劳苦 | 勞苦 | láokǔ | - labor - toil |
| 勤苦 | 勤苦 | qínkǔ | - hardworking - assiduous |
| 受苦 | 受苦 | shòukǔ | - to suffer hardship |
| 叫苦 | 叫苦 | jiàokǔ | - to whine about hardships - to complain of one's bitter lot - to complain - to grumble |
| 吃苦 | 吃苦 | chīkǔ | - to bear hardships |
| 命苦 | 命苦 | mìngkǔ | - to be born under an ill star |
| 困苦 | 困苦 | kùnkǔ | - deprivation - distressed - miserable |
| 愁苦 | 愁苦 | chóukǔ | - anxiety - distress |
| 挖苦 | 挖苦 | wākǔ | - to speak sarcastically - to make cutting remarks |
| 清苦 | 清苦 | qīngkǔ | - destitute but honest - poor and simple - spartan - austere |
| 甘苦 | 甘苦 | gānkǔ | - good times and hardships - joys and tribulations - for better or for worse |
| 疾苦 | 疾苦 | jíkǔ | - pain and difficulties - suffering (of the people) |
| 病苦 | 病苦 | bìngkǔ | - pains (of illness) - sufferings (esp. in Buddhism) |
| 痛苦 | 痛苦 | tòngkǔ | - pain - suffering - painful - CL:個|个[ge4] |
| 穷苦 | 窮苦 | qióngkǔ | - impoverished - destitute |
| 艰苦 | 艱苦 | jiānkǔ | - difficult - hard - arduous |
| 苦主 | 苦主 | kǔzhǔ | - victim's family (esp. in murder case) |
| 苦事 | 苦事 | kǔshì | - hard job - arduous task |
| 苦刑 | 苦刑 | kǔxíng | - torture - corporal punishment (traditionally involving mutilation or amputation) |
| 苦力 | 苦力 | kǔlì | - bitter work - hard toil - (loanword) coolie, unskilled Chinese laborer in colonial times |
| 苦功 | 苦功 | kǔgōng | - hard work - laborious effort - painstaking work |
| 苦劳 | 苦勞 | kǔláo | - toil - hard work |
| 苦参 | 苦參 | kǔshēn | - liquorice (Sophora flavescens), with roots used in TCM |
| 苦口 | 苦口 | kǔkǒu | - lit. bitter taste (cf good medicine tastes bitter 良藥苦口|良药苦口) - fig. earnestly (of warning, advice) |
| 苦味 | 苦味 | kǔwèi | - bitter taste - bitterness |
| 苦命 | 苦命 | kǔmìng | - hard lot - bitter fate - unfortunate |
| 苦因 | 苦因 | kǔyīn | - affliction |
| 苦境 | 苦境 | kǔjìng | - grievance - dire straits |
| 苦寒 | 苦寒 | kǔhán | - bitter cold |
| 苦工 | 苦工 | kǔgōng | - hard labor (in penal code) - coolie |
| 苦差 | 苦差 | kǔchāi | - hard and unprofitable (job) - poorly paid drudgery - arduous and unrewarding (undertaking) |
| 苦干 | 苦幹 | kǔgàn | - to work hard |
| 苦役 | 苦役 | kǔyì | - forced labor - corvée - penal servitude |
| 苦待 | 苦待 | kǔdài | - treat harshly |
| 苦心 | 苦心 | kǔxīn | - painstaking effort - to take a lot of trouble - laborious at pains |
| 苦思 | 苦思 | kǔsī | - to think hard - bitter thoughts - to pour out one's sufferings |
| 苦闷 | 苦悶 | kǔmèn | - depressed - dejected - feeling low |
| 苦情 | 苦情 | kǔqíng | - wretched situation - plight - wretched - miserable |
| 苦恼 | 苦惱 | kǔnǎo | - vexed - distressed |
| 苦战 | 苦戰 | kǔzhàn | - bitter struggle - hard battle - arduous effort |
| 苦果 | 苦果 | kǔguǒ | - lit. bitter fruit - fig. painful consequence |
| 苦根 | 苦根 | kǔgēn | - underlying cause of poverty |
| 苦楚 | 苦楚 | kǔchǔ | - suffering - misery - pain (esp. psychological) |
| 苦楝 | 苦楝 | kǔliàn | - chinaberry (Melia azedarach) |
| 苦水 | 苦水 | kǔshuǐ | - bitter water (e.g. mineral water containing sulfates) - suffering - digestive fluids rising from stomach to the mouth - fig. bitter complaint |
| 苦况 | 苦況 | kǔkuàng | - wretched state - miserable plight |
| 苦活 | 苦活 | kǔhuó | - bitter work - sweated labor |
| 苦海 | 苦海 | kǔhǎi | - lit. sea of bitterness - abyss of worldly suffering (Buddhist term) - depths of misery |
| 苦涩 | 苦澀 | kǔsè | - bitter and astringent - pained - agonized |
| 苦熬 | 苦熬 | kǔáo | - to endure (years of suffering) |
| 苦瓜 | 苦瓜 | kǔguā | - bitter melon (bitter gourd, balsam pear, balsam apple, leprosy gourd, bitter cucumber) |
| 苦甘 | 苦甘 | kǔgān | - bitter sweet |
| 苦痛 | 苦痛 | kǔtòng | - pain - suffering |
| 苦窑 | 苦窯 | kǔyáo | - (slang) prison |
| 苦竹 | 苦竹 | kǔzhú | - bitter bamboo (Pleioblastus amarus) |
| 苦笑 | 苦笑 | kǔxiào | - to force a smile - a bitter laugh |
| 苦练 | 苦練 | kǔliàn | - to train hard - to practice diligently - hard work - blood, sweat, and tears |
| 苦胆 | 苦膽 | kǔdǎn | - gall bladder |
| 苦艾 | 苦艾 | kǔài | - wormwood - Artemisia absinthium |
| 苦苓 | 苦苓 | kǔlíng | - chinaberry (Melia azedarach) |
| 苦苣 | 苦苣 | kǔjù | - endive |
| 苦苦 | 苦苦 | kǔkǔ | - strenuously - persistently - hard - painful |
| 苦菊 | 苦菊 | kǔjú | - endive |
| 苦蘵 | 苦蘵 | kǔzhí | - cutleaf ground-cherry - Physalis angulata |
| 苦处 | 苦處 | kǔchu | - suffering - distress |
| 苦行 | 苦行 | kǔxíng | - ascetic practice |
| 苦衷 | 苦衷 | kǔzhōng | - painful embarrassment - predicament - difficulties |
| 苦谏 | 苦諫 | kǔjiàn | - to admonish strenuously |
| 苦趣 | 苦趣 | kǔqù | - wretched feelings (opposite: 樂趣|乐趣, delight) |
| 苦难 | 苦難 | kǔnàn | - suffering |
| 苦头 | 苦頭 | kǔtou | - sufferings |
| 诉苦 | 訴苦 | sùkǔ | - to grumble - to complain - grievance |
| 变苦 | 變苦 | biànkǔ | - to sour - to turn sour - to curdle |
| 贫苦 | 貧苦 | pínkǔ | - poverty-stricken - poor |
| 辛苦 | 辛苦 | xīnkǔ | - hard - exhausting - with much toil - thanks for your trouble |
| 二遍苦 | 二遍苦 | èrbiànkǔ | - second persecution |
| 何苦呢 | 何苦呢 | hékǔne | - why bother? - is it worth the trouble? |
| 倒苦水 | 倒苦水 | dàokǔshuǐ | - to pour out one's grievances |
| 吃苦头 | 吃苦頭 | chīkǔtou | - to suffer - to suffer for one's actions - to pay dearly - to burn one's fingers |
| 同甘苦 | 同甘苦 | tónggānkǔ | - to share joys and sorrows - sharing good times and hard times - same as 同甘共苦 |
| 吐苦水 | 吐苦水 | tǔkǔshuǐ | - to have bitter digestive fluids rising to the mouth - fig. to complain bitterly - to pour out one's sufferings |
| 忆苦饭 | 憶苦飯 | yìkǔfàn | - unsavory meal taken in remembrance of past hardships - fig. poor-tasting meal |
| 氯化苦 | 氯化苦 | lǜhuàkǔ | - chloropicrin |
| 苦不唧 | 苦不唧 | kǔbujī | - slightly bitter |
| 苦哈哈 | 苦哈哈 | kǔhāhā | - to have difficulty getting by - to struggle (financially etc) |
| 苦差事 | 苦差事 | kǔchāishi | - hard and unprofitable - drudgery - sweated labor |
| 苦日子 | 苦日子 | kǔrìzi | - hard times |
| 苦活儿 | 苦活兒 | kǔhuór | - erhua variant of 苦活[ku3 huo2] |
| 苦瓜脸 | 苦瓜臉 | kǔguāliǎn | - sour expression on one's face |
| 苦肉计 | 苦肉計 | kǔròujì | - the trick of injuring oneself to gain the enemy's confidence - CL:條|条[tiao2] |
| 苦艾酒 | 苦艾酒 | kǔàijiǔ | - absinthe (distilled anise-based liquor) |
| 苦菜花 | 苦菜花 | KǔCàihuā | - Bitter Cauliflower, 1954 socialist realist novel by Feng Deying 馮德英|冯德英[Feng2 De2 ying1] loosely based on Maxim Gorky's Mother, made into a 1967 film by Li Ang |
| 苦荬菜 | 苦蕒菜 | kǔmǎicài | - Ixeris denticulata |
| 苦迭打 | 苦迭打 | kǔdiédǎ | - coup d'état (loanword) |
| 卖苦力 | 賣苦力 | màikǔlì | - to make a hard living as unskilled laborer |
| 蹲苦窑 | 蹲苦窯 | dūnkǔyáo | - (slang) to be behind bars |
| 不胜其苦 | 不勝其苦 | bùshèngqíkǔ | - unable to bear the pain (idiom) |
| 不辞劳苦 | 不辭勞苦 | bùcíláokǔ | - to spare no effort |
| 不辞辛苦 | 不辭辛苦 | bùcíxīnkǔ | - to make nothing of hardships |
| 倒悬之苦 | 倒懸之苦 | dàoxuánzhīkǔ | - lit. the pain of being hanged upside down (idiom); fig. extremely critical situation - dire straits |
| 备尝辛苦 | 備嘗辛苦 | bèichángxīnkǔ | - to have suffered all kinds of hardships (idiom) |
| 冥思苦想 | 冥思苦想 | míngsīkǔxiǎng | - to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard - to rack one's brains |
| 冥思苦索 | 冥思苦索 | míngsīkǔsuǒ | - to rack one's innermost brains (idiom) |
| 凄风苦雨 | 凄風苦雨 | qīfēngkǔyǔ | - lit. mourning the wind and bewailing the rain; fig. in a wretched plight - miserable circumstances |
| 刻苦努力 | 刻苦努力 | kèkǔnǔlì | - assiduous - taking great pains |
| 刻苦学习 | 刻苦學習 | kèkǔxuéxí | - to study hard - assiduous |
| 刻苦耐劳 | 刻苦耐勞 | kèkǔnàiláo | - to bear hardships and work hard (idiom); assiduous and long-suffering - hard-working and capable of overcoming adversity |
| 刻苦钻研 | 刻苦鑽研 | kèkǔzuānyán | - to study diligently |
| 劳心苦思 | 勞心苦思 | láoxīnkǔsī | - to rack one's brains - to think hard |
| 勤奋刻苦 | 勤奮刻苦 | qínfènkèkǔ | - diligent - assiduous |
| 勤学苦练 | 勤學苦練 | qínxuékǔliàn | - to study diligently - to train assiduously |
| 千辛万苦 | 千辛萬苦 | qiānxīnwànkǔ | - to suffer untold hardships (idiom); trials and tribulations - with difficulty - after some effort |
| 叫苦不迭 | 叫苦不迭 | jiàokǔbudié | - to complain without stopping (idiom); to bitch endlessly - incessant grievances |
| 叫苦连天 | 叫苦連天 | jiàokǔliántiān | - to whine on for days (idiom) - to endlessly grumble complaints - incessant whining |
| 吃苦耐劳 | 吃苦耐勞 | chīkǔnàiláo | - hardworking and enduring hardships (idiom) |
| 同甘共苦 | 同甘共苦 | tónggāngòngkǔ | - shared delights and common hardships (idiom); to share life's joys and sorrows - for better or for worse |
| 含辛茹苦 | 含辛茹苦 | hánxīnrúkǔ | - to suffer every possible torment (idiom); bitter hardship - to bear one's cross |
| 嘴甜心苦 | 嘴甜心苦 | zuǐtiánxīnkǔ | - sweet mouth, bitter heart (idiom); insincere flattery |
| 埋头苦干 | 埋頭苦幹 | máitóukǔgàn | - to bury oneself in work (idiom); to be engrossed in work - to make an all-out effort - up to the neck in work |
| 坚苦卓绝 | 堅苦卓絕 | jiānkǔzhuójué | - persisting despite trials and tribulations (idiom); conspicuous determination |
| 大吃苦头 | 大吃苦頭 | dàchīkǔtou | - to suffer - to suffer for one's actions - to pay dearly - to burn one's fingers |
| 孤苦伶仃 | 孤苦伶仃 | gūkǔlíngdīng | - solitary and impoverished (idiom) |
| 孤苦零丁 | 孤苦零丁 | gūkǔlíngdīng | - variant of 孤苦伶仃[gu1 ku3 ling2 ding1] |
| 学习刻苦 | 學習刻苦 | xuéxíkèkǔ | - to study hard - assiduous |
| 愁眉苦脸 | 愁眉苦臉 | chóuméikǔliǎn | - frowning and worried (idiom); showing concern |
| 爱别离苦 | 愛別離苦 | àibiélíkǔ | - (Buddhism) the pain of parting with what (or whom) one loves, one of the eight distresses 八苦[ba1 ku3] |
| 忧苦以终 | 憂苦以終 | yōukǔyǐzhōng | - worried to death (idiom) |
| 忆苦思甜 | 憶苦思甜 | yìkǔsītián | - to view one's past as miserable and one's present as happy (idiom) |
| 浴血苦战 | 浴血苦戰 | yùxuèkǔzhàn | - a blood soaked and hard-fought struggle (idiom) |
| 煞费苦心 | 煞費苦心 | shàfèikǔxīn | - to take a lot of trouble (idiom); painstaking - at the cost of a lot of effort |
| 用心良苦 | 用心良苦 | yòngxīnliángkǔ | - to ponder earnestly - to give a lot of thought to sth |
| 皮肉之苦 | 皮肉之苦 | píròuzhīkǔ | - physical pain - lit. skin and flesh suffer |
| 矮脚苦蒿 | 矮腳苦蒿 | ǎijiǎokǔhāo | - see 熊膽草|熊胆草[xiong2 dan3 cao3] |
| 秘鲁苦蘵 | 秘魯苦蘵 | Bìlǔkǔzhí | - Peruvian ground-cherry - cape gooseberry - Physalis peruviana |
| 脱离苦海 | 脫離苦海 | tuōlíkǔhǎi | - to escape from the abyss of suffering - to shed off a wretched plight |
| 自找苦吃 | 自找苦吃 | zìzhǎokǔchī | - to bring trouble on oneself |
| 自讨苦吃 | 自討苦吃 | zìtǎokǔchī | - to ask for trouble (idiom) - to make a rod for one's own back |
| 良工心苦 | 良工心苦 | liánggōngxīnkǔ | - expert craft from hard practice (idiom); hard-won skill - A masterpiece demands suffering. |
| 良苦用心 | 良苦用心 | liángkǔyòngxīn | - to ponder earnestly - to give a lot of thought to sth |
| 良药苦口 | 良藥苦口 | liángyàokǔkǒu | - good medicine tastes bitter (idiom); fig. frank criticism is hard to swallow |
| 艰苦奋斗 | 艱苦奮鬥 | jiānkǔfèndòu | - to struggle arduously |
| 艰苦朴素 | 艱苦樸素 | jiānkǔpǔsù | - leading a plain, hardworking life (idiom) |
| 苦不唧儿 | 苦不唧兒 | kǔbujīr | - erhua variant of 苦不唧[ku3 bu5 ji1] |
| 苦中作乐 | 苦中作樂 | kǔzhōngzuòlè | - to find joy in sorrows (idiom); to enjoy sth in spite of one's suffering |
| 苦口婆心 | 苦口婆心 | kǔkǒupóxīn | - earnest and well-meaning advice (idiom); to persuade patiently |
| 苦大仇深 | 苦大仇深 | kǔdàchóushēn | - great bitterness, deep hatred (idiom); deeply ingrained long-standing resentment |
| 苦心孤诣 | 苦心孤詣 | kǔxīngūyì | - to make painstaking efforts (idiom); after much trouble - to work hard at sth |
| 苦心经营 | 苦心經營 | kǔxīnjīngyíng | - to build up an enterprise through painstaking efforts |
| 苦思冥想 | 苦思冥想 | kǔsīmíngxiǎng | - to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard - to rack one's brains |
| 苦杏仁苷 | 苦杏仁苷 | kǔxìngréngān | - amygdalin |
| 苦海茫茫 | 苦海茫茫 | kǔhǎimángmáng | - sea of bitterness is vast (idiom) |
| 苦尽甘来 | 苦盡甘來 | kǔjìngānlái | - bitterness finishes, sweetness begins (idiom); the hard times are over, the good times just beginning |
| 苦苦哀求 | 苦苦哀求 | kǔkǔāiqiú | - to entreat piteously - to implore |
| 苦行赎罪 | 苦行贖罪 | kǔxíngshúzuì | - penance (to atone for a sin) |
| 苦集灭道 | 苦集滅道 | kǔjímièdào | - the Four Noble Truths (Budd.), namely: all life is suffering 苦, the cause of suffering is desire 集, emancipation comes only by eliminating passions 滅|灭, the way 道 to emancipation is the Eight-fold Noble Way 八正道 - also called 四諦|四谛 |
| 苦难深重 | 苦難深重 | kǔnànshēnzhòng | - deep grief - extensive sorrow |
| 茹苦含辛 | 茹苦含辛 | rúkǔhánxīn | - bitter hardship - to bear one's cross |
| 万分痛苦 | 萬分痛苦 | wànfēntòngkǔ | - excruciating |
| 装穷叫苦 | 裝窮叫苦 | zhuāngqióngjiàokǔ | - to feign and complain bitterly of being poverty stricken (idiom) |
| 访贫问苦 | 訪貧問苦 | fǎngpínwènkǔ | - to visit the poor and ask about their suffering (idiom) |
| 辛辛苦苦 | 辛辛苦苦 | xīnxīnkǔkǔ | - painstakingly - with great trouble |
| 酸甜苦辣 | 酸甜苦辣 | suāntiánkǔlà | - sour, sweet, bitter and spicy hot - fig. the joys and sorrows of life |
| 离苦得乐 | 離苦得樂 | líkǔdélè | - to abandon suffering and obtain happiness (Buddhism) |
| 有苦说不出 | 有苦說不出 | yǒukǔshuōbuchū | - having unspeakable bitter suffering - (often used after 啞巴吃黃連|哑巴吃黄连[ya3 ba5 chi1 huang2 lian2]) |
| 白胸苦恶鸟 | 白胸苦惡鳥 | báixiōngkǔèniǎo | - (Chinese bird species) white-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) |
| 红脚苦恶鸟 | 紅腳苦惡鳥 | hóngjiǎokǔèniǎo | - (Chinese bird species) brown crake (Amaurornis akool) |
| 好奇会吃苦头的 | 好奇會吃苦頭的 | hàoqíhuìchīkǔtoude | - Curiosity killed the cat. |
| 皇天不负苦心人 | 皇天不負苦心人 | Huángtiānbùfùkǔxīnrén | - Heaven will not disappoint the person who tries (idiom). If you try hard, you're bound to succeed eventually. |
| 小洞不补大洞吃苦 | 小洞不補大洞吃苦 | xiǎodòngbùbǔdàdòngchīkǔ | - A small hole not plugged will make you suffer a big hole (idiom); a stitch in time saves nine |
| 小洞不堵，大洞受苦 | 小洞不堵，大洞受苦 | xiǎodòngbùdǔ,dàdòngshòukǔ | - A small hole not plugged will make you suffer a big hole (idiom); A stitch in time saves nine. |
| 小洞不堵，大洞吃苦 | 小洞不堵，大洞吃苦 | xiǎodòngbùdǔ,dàdòngchīkǔ | - A small hole not plugged will make you suffer a big hole (idiom); A stitch in time saves nine. |
| 苦海无边，回头是岸 | 苦海無邊，回頭是岸 | kǔhǎiwúbiān,huítóushìàn | - The sea of bitterness has no bounds, turn your head to see the shore (idiom). Only Buddhist enlightenment can allow one to shed off the abyss of worldly suffering. - Repent and ye shall be saved! |
| 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人 | 吃得苦中苦，方為人上人 | chīdékǔzhōngkǔ,fāngwéirénshàngrén | - one cannot achieve glory and wealth without having been through trials and tribulations (proverb) - no pain, no gain |
| 哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出 | 啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出 | yǎbachīhuánglián,yǒukǔshuōbuchū | - to be forced to suffer in silence (idiom) - unable to speak of one's bitter suffering - sometimes written 啞子吃黃連，有苦說不出|哑子吃黄连，有苦说不出 |
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